A centralized health care system funded by taxes where the government pays for each resident's health care is called:

A centralized health care system funded by taxes where the government pays for each resident's health care is known as a single-payer plan. This type of system is characterized by the government acting as the sole entity responsible for financing health care services. In a single-payer model, the funding comes from tax revenues collected from citizens, allowing the government to negotiate and regulate the costs of medical services, thereby simplifying billing and reducing administrative costs.

This system contrasts sharply with other options. Group health insurance typically involves multiple individuals covered under a single policy, often provided by an employer. Public health insurance can refer to various programs but does not inherently imply a single centralized payer responsible for all residents, as it might include multiple funding mechanisms or providers. Individual health insurance involves individuals purchasing their own policies, which can lead to a fragmented system with varying coverage levels and costs.

By understanding the characteristics of a single-payer plan, it becomes clear how it functions as a comprehensive and government-managed approach to health care financing.