Which act of legislation requires Medicare administrative contractors to attempt the collection of overpayments made under the Medicare or Medicaid programs?

The Federal Claims Collection Act is the legislation that mandates Medicare administrative contractors (MACs) to actively attempt to collect overpayments made under the Medicare or Medicaid programs. This Act provides a framework for the collection of debts owed to the government, ensuring that overpayments are not overlooked and that recovery efforts are efficiently executed. By requiring MACs to pursue these collections, the Act plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the Medicare and Medicaid programs, ensuring that funds are accurately accounted for and that the system is safeguarded against financial loss due to overpayments.

In contrast, the other options relate to different aspects of healthcare and billing practices. The Utilization Review Act focuses on the evaluation of medical necessity and appropriateness of healthcare services, rather than the collection of overpayments. The Payment Error Prevention Program aims to reduce improper payments but does not specifically address the collection of overpayments. The False Claims Act deals with fraud and misrepresentation in claims submitted to government programs but does not focus directly on the collection of funds owed due to overpayments. Thus, the Federal Claims Collection Act is the correct answer, as it directly relates to the obligation of MACs to recover overpayments.