Which act signed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908 protects and compensates railroad workers who are injured on the job?

The Act that protects and compensates railroad workers who are injured on the job is the Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA), which was signed into law in 1908. This legislation was established to provide a legal framework allowing railroad workers to seek compensation from their employers for injuries that occur as a result of negligence.

FELA was created specifically in response to the dangerous working conditions faced by railroad workers at the time. It allows employees to file lawsuits against their employers, which can result in significant financial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. This act laid the foundation for workers' compensation rights for railroad employees, distinguishing it from other workplace injury laws.

The other options listed do not pertain to the protection of railroad workers. For example, the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) relates to federal civilian employees, while the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (HCERA) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) focus on broader economic and health care issues. Therefore, FELA is the appropriate answer as it directly addresses the specific needs of railroad workers injured on the job.