Which program was established to provide health care assistance to uninsured, low-income children under state Medicaid programs?

The program established specifically to provide health care assistance to uninsured, low-income children under state Medicaid programs is the State Children's Health Insurance Program, commonly referred to as SCHIP. This program was created to address gaps in health insurance coverage for children from families who may not qualify for Medicaid but still cannot afford private health insurance. SCHIP provides funds to states to offer health coverage that includes routine check-ups, immunizations, doctor visits, prescriptions, dental and vision care, emergency services, and inpatient and outpatient hospital care. The program plays a crucial role in ensuring that children have access to essential health services, thereby promoting better health outcomes among low-income populations.

The other options serve different functions within the healthcare system. CHAMPUS (now known as TRICARE) provides healthcare coverage for military personnel, their dependents, and veterans, not specifically for uninsured children. Medicare is primarily designed for individuals over the age of 65 or those with disabilities, thus not applicable to children. An HMO, or Health Maintenance Organization, is a type of managed care organization that provides health insurance coverage, but it does not specifically target low-income children or provide a structure similar to that of SCHIP.